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JAPANESE BUDDHISM

By MAMINE SHIMPO ISHII

INTRODUCTION

Nearly 2,600 years ago a little boy was born in Kapilavastu, about 130 miles north of the city of Benares, India. He was a son of one of the local chieftains of those days and the boy was named Siddhārtha. He was married and had a son named Rahula. Siddhārtha was of the meditative nature, and being deeply moved by sorrows of life, he left his home and family to seek the peace of mind in religion. For five or six years after that he went round the country and met many teachers but was not satisfied with their teachings. During these years he devoted himself to ascetic practices and he reduced himself to skeleton. Asceticism, however, could not give him the peace of mind and he gave  it up decisively and went to a hamlet called Uruvela near the present town of Gaya and at under the shade of the famous Bo-tree there and stayed several days fighting for spiritual emancipation, and finally became Buddha, the Enlightened One. It is said that he was 35 years of age and that, according to the Japanese tradition, he became Buddha at dawn of December 8^th.

After enlightenment he visited many places including his birth place, and became never weary of telling his message until the end of his life at his 80^th year of age.

After his death, his teachings, collectively called Buddhism, gradually spread to Nepal, Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, and are called Southern Buddhism or Theravada. It also spread to Tibet, China, Korea and Japan. This Buddhism is called Northern Buddhism or Mahayana.

Thanks is due to Mrs. Mizi Loftus, Eugene, Oregon, and Fulbright teacher in Japan under the auspices of the U.S Educational Commission in Japan. She kindly read through the manuscript and improved the writer`s English very much.

The writer must also give thanks to Dr. Benkyo Shiio of the Zojoji Temple, Tokyo, for his great encouragement and kindness shown in publishing this book.

                                                       M.S Ishii

  January, 1959

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Chapter

I.                   A Short History of Japanese Buddhism

Introduction of Buddhism

The Nara and the Heian Periods

The Kamakura and Later Periods

The Meiji Period and Recent years

II.                Buddhism Introduced from China

The Shingon Sect

The Tendai Sect

The Ritsu Sect

Introduction of Zen Buddhism

The Soto Sect

The Rinzai Sect

III.             Founding of New Buddhist Sects

Rise of Nembutsu and Other Views

Founding of the Nichiran Sect

IV.            Some Prominent Person in the History of Japanese Buddhism

Japanese Buddhism

Shotoku Taishhi

Honen Shonin

Shinran Shonin

Life of Doden

Nichiren Shonin

Ryokan

V.               Miscellany

Buddhist Social Welfare work

North and South

      Appendix

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