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 General introduction

Of the various forms of Buddhism that developed after the demise of the historical Buddha in about 480 B.C., Mahayana (the “Great vehicle”) became the dominant tradition in East and parts of Southeast Asia. This broad area encompasses China, Vietnam Korea to Japan, and other countries as well.

Year after year, a number of Mahayana Buddhist Schools arose in accordance with the capacities and circumstances of the people in society. The dominant ones include the Zen, Pure Land and Esoteric. Schools, among them, Pure Land has been the most popular with the greatest number of adherents.

CONTENTS

Certificate

Acknowledgement

Abbreviations

Contents

Chapter one: INTRODUCTION

1. General introduction

WHAT IS PURE LAND?

WHAT DOES IT MEAN OF AMITABHA?

WHAT DO BUDDHISTS BELIEVE IN?

2. Scope of the topic

Chapter two: THE HISTORICAL SURVEY OF PURE LAND LITERATURE AND ORIGIN OF AMITABHA BUDDHA

I. THE HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF BUDDHISM CLASSICAL SANSKRIT

(1) Historical Origin of Buddhism in the Chronology of Indian Literature

(2) A Few dated events

(3) Extra-Indian helps

(4) Indian’s Sense of History

(5) Origin of Pure Land in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

(6) Pure Land in Indian Buddhism

II. HISTORY OF PURE LAND IN THE ORIGIN OF MAHAYANA BUDDHISM

(1) Origin of Mahayana Buddhism

(2) The Terms Sahajayana and Kathinayana

III. HISTORY OF PURE LAND IN CHINESE BUDDHISM

History of Pure Land according to Kuan Wu Liang Shou-Fo Ching (AmitSyur-Dhyana-Sutra)

Chapter three: MAIN TEACHINGS OF PURE LAND

OBJECTS OF FAITH [SRADDHA]

A. BELIEVE IN BUDDHAS

I. Belief in Sikyamuni Buddha

II. Believe in Amitabha Buddha

B. FAITH IN DHARMA

I. Believe in the Teaching of Sages

II. Believe in the Smaller Sukhavativyuha Sutra

C. BELIEVE IN SANGHA

Believe in Kumirajiva Bodhisatlva

VOW [PRANIDHANA]

I. Samantabhadra’s Vows

II. Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva’s Vows

III. Dharmakara’s Vows

PRACTICE [PATIPATTI]

I. Buddha Recitation Methods

Four methods of Buddha Recitation

a. Real Mark [self-nature] Buddha Recitation

b. Contemplation by thought Buddha Recitation

c. Contemplation of an image Buddha Recitation

d. Holding the name Buddha Recitation

II. Practice Other Power and Self Powers

1. Yung-Ming’s Ch’an – Pure Land Syncretism

2. “Other Power” versus “Self-power”

3. Nien-fo versus Meditations

4. The Evaluation of Ch’an – Pure land Syncretism

III. Practice Ideas of Transfer of Ment

Chapter four: SÄKYAMUNI BUDDHA TAUGHT ABOUT PURE LAND IN CHINESE TRIPITAKA

1. PURE LAND IN AVATAMSAKA SÜTRA

2. PURE LAND IN MAHARATNAKUTA SÜTRA

3. PURE LAND IN KARUNAPUNDARIKA SUTRA

4. PURE LAND IN SADDHARMAPUNPARIKA SUTRA

5. PURE LAND IN SURANGAMA SUTRA

Chapter five: ESTABLISHMENT OF PURE LAND SCHOOL IN CHINA AND VIETNAM

INDIA

1) Asvaghosa

2) Nägärjuna [150-250 A.D]

3) Vasubandhu [320-400 A.D]

CHINA

1) Hui-Yuan

2) Shan-Tao

3) The third patriarch Cheng-Yuan

4) The fourth patriarch Fa-Zhao

5) The fifth patriarch Shao-K’ang

6) The sixth patriarch Yung-ming-Yen-shou

7) The seventh patriarch Huai-kan [Jing-ch’ang]

8) The eighth patriarch Zhu-hung

9) The ninth patriarch Ou – I, Chih – hsu

10) Patriarch: Xing-Ce

11) The eleventh patriarch Shi – xian

12) The Twelfth patriarch Ji – Jing

13) The thirteenth patriarch Yin-kuang

VIỆT NAM

1) VINITẢUCI (?-594)

2) THẢO ĐƯỜNG

3) TỊNH LỰC (1112-1175)

Chapter six: PURE LAND MASTER AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION

A. MORAL LIFE

B. SOCIETY

C. ARTS AND LITERATURE

I. ARTS

II. PURE LAND LITERATURE

a. Sutras

b. Vinaya

c. Sastra

Chapter seven: PROOFS OF REBIRTH IN PURE LAND

I. PROOFS DURING ONE’S LIFETIME

II. PROOFS AFTER DEATH

Chapter eight: CONCLUTION

Glossary

Bibliography

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