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  • Tên sách : A Practical English Grammar
  • Tác giả : A. J. Thomson, A. V. Martinet
  • Dịch giả :
  • Ngôn ngữ : Anh
  • Số trang : 359
  • Nhà xuất bản : Oxford University Press
  • Năm xuất bản : 1989
  • Phân loại : Sách tiếng Anh-English
  • MCB : 1210000003834
  • OPAC :
  • Tóm tắt :

Preface to the fourth edition

A Practical English Grammars intended for intermediate and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special  attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms 

In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows:

  1. Explanations and examples have been brought up to date.
  2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctions, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and noun clauses.
  3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by function: verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves: suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
  4. The contents list now summarizes every section heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries and

In this edition the sign ‘~’ is frequently used to denote a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign ‘= ‘ sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.

We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor René Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.

London, November 1985                                                                                    A.J.T., A.V.M.

Contents

References are to sections, unless otherwise stated.

  1. Articles and one, a little/a few, this, that
  2. Nouns
  3. Adjectives
  4. Adverbs
  5. all, each, every, both, neither, either, some, any, no, none
  6. Interrogatives: wh-? words and how?
  7. Possessives, personal and reflexive pronouns: my, mine, I, myself etc.
  8. Relative pronouns and clauses
  9. Prepositions
  10. Introduction to verbs
  11. be, have, do
  12. may and can for permission and possibility
  13. can and be able for ability
  14. ought, should, must, have to, need for obligation
  15. must, have, will and should for deduction and assumption
  16. The auxiliaries dare and used
  17. The present tenses
  18. The past and perfect tenses
  19. The future
  20. The sequence of tenses
  21. The conditional
  22. Other uses of will/would, shall/should
  23. The infinitive
  24. The gerund
  25. Infinitive and gerund constructions
  26. The participles
  27. Commands, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions
  28. The subjunctive
  29. care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish
  30. The passive voice
  31. Indirect speech
  32. Conjunctions
  33. Purpose
  34. Clauses of reason, result, concession, comparison, time
  35. Noun clauses
  36. Numerals, dates, and weights and measures
  37. Spelling rules
  38. Phrasal verbs
  39. List of irregular verbs

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