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PREFACE

        The present work was submitted as a thesis for the D. Lite, degree of the Calcutta University and was unanimously approved by the Board of Adjudicators in 1949.

         One of the chief incentives for embarking upon this arduous work was to place materials at the hands of the scholars of the European and American universities, which would enable them to make an unbiased appraisal of the flight of logical speculations recorded by Indian philosophers. I thought that my cherished desire was bound to remain unrealized if the volume was not speedily published.

        So with this object always in view, I first approached the autho­rities of the University of Calcutta and then the Education Depart­ment of the Government of West Bengal, but only to reap the result of my fruitless endeavours.

        I sent my work to the press even at the risk of being involved in financial difficulties, and I am glad to see that this humble work has seen the light of the day. Before I finish, I must express my sense of profound gratitude to Prof. Anukul Chandra Mookerjee of the Allaha­bad University for the unstinted appreciation and encouragement which he ungrudgingly extended twords me. My heartiest thanks are due to Prof. Jatilcoomar Mookcrjce, who, young in age but aged in scholarship, has rendered invaluable assistance in numerous ways. A cold-blooded logician as he is, he has compelled me to revise my original writing in many places by his unsparing and devastating criticism.

         It is a matter of profound regret to me that Sri Ksitindranath Banerjee B.A., LL.B., and his son Sri Visvanath Banerjee are no longer in the land of the living to see the result of my researches. Lastly I must express my sense of irredeemable debts which I owe to Maha­raja Bhupendrachandra Sinha B.A. of Susang, to Sri Binayaknath Banerjee M.A., LL. B., Advocate, Calcutta High Court, and to Dr. Jyotirmoya Banerjee M.Đ., D.P.H., D.T.M., for the keen appreciation and constant encouragement which Ỉ have received from them in the course of my scholastic pursuit—a debt which is too deep and personal for formal acknowledgement.

        I shall be failing in my duty if I do not handsomely express my thanks to Sri Kamalakanta Dalai. Manager, Calcutta Oriental Press Ltd. for the lively interest which he took in the publication of my work.

            Calcutta, October 1953                     SITANSUSEKHAR BAGCHI

CONTENTS

(the numbers indicate pages)

INTRODUCTION

PRONUNCIATION

ABBRREVIATIONS

CHAPTER I:

THE NATURE AND UTILITY OF REASONING

CHAPTER II: THE POSITION OF SRIVALLABHA—THE AUTHOR OF THE NYẴYAULAVAT

CHAPTER III: GANGESA’S SPECULATIONS ON REASONING

CHAPTER IV: THE LOGICAL STATUS OF REASONING

SECTION II

THE LOGICAL STATUS OF REASONING AS ELUCIDATED IN THE NYAYAKANDALI AND IN THE VYOMAVATI

CHAPTER V: THE STATUS OF REASONING IN MADHAVA’S SCHOOL AS ELUCIDATED IN THE PRAMANAPADDHATI BY JAYATIRTHA

CHAPTER VI: REASONING AS ELUCIDATED IN THE NYAYASUDHA BY JAYATIRTHA

CHAPTER VII: REASONING AS ELUCIDATED IN THE TARKATANDAVA BY VYASATIRTHA

CHAPTER VIII: THE JAINA CONCEPTION OF REASONING

CHAPTER IX: CLASSIFICATION OF REASONING

SECTION II

DEFINITIONS OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF REASONING

CHAPTER X: CONDITIONS AND FALLACIES OF REASONING

CHAPTER XI: REASONING QUA INSTRUMENT OF REFUTATION

CHAPTER XII: A CRITIQUE OF REASONING

CHAPTER XIII: SPECIES OF REASONING CRITICISED

CHAPTER XIV: REASONING QUA ORGAN OF INDUCTION

1. INDEX OF SUBJECTS
2. INDEX OF WORKS

• INDEX OF AUTHORS

1. INDEX OF SANSKRIT WORDS
2. THE STATUS OF REASONING IN MADHA’S SCHOOL AS ELUCIDATED IN THE PRAMANAPADDHATI BY JAYATIRTHA
3. REASONING AS ELUCIDATED IN THE NYAYASUDHA BY JAYATIRTHA

• REASONING AS ELUCIDATED IN THE TARKATÃNDAVA BY VYÃSATIRTHA
• THE JAINA CONCEPTION OF REASONING

1. CLASSIFICATION OF REASONING
2. CONDITIONS AND FALLACIES OF REASONING
3. REASONING QUA INSTRUMENT OF REFUTATION

• A CRITIQUE OF REASONING
• SPECIES OF REASONING CRITICISED
• REASONING QUA ORGAN OF INDUCTION

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