BUDDHISM IN TIBET
By EMIL SCHLAGITWEIT, LL.D
Preface
The religious systems of all ages – paganism in its rudest form perhaps accepted – have undergone charges and modifications which, if not materially affecting their principles, have at least exercised a certain influence upon their development. Buddhism may be considered a remarkable illustration of this; for not only have the rites suffered notable changes, but even the dogmas themselves have, in the course of time, become much altered. Although plain and simple in the earlier stages of its existence, it was in the time greatly modified by the successive introduction of new doctrines, laws, and rites; so-called reformers arose, who assembled around them a greater or less number of followers; and these by degrees formed schools, which by-and-by developed into sects. The shifting of its original seat also exercised a considerable influence: the difference between a tropical and a cold and desert region and between the physical character of tribes separated by the distinctive marks of the Arian and Turanian races had to be smoothed over, partly at least, and obliterated by the influence of time.
I may be allowed to mention that I had the honour of presenting to the Royal Academy of Munich the Address to the Buddhas of Confession (contained in Chapter XI.), a sacred imploration, of which a translation in German was inserted in the Proceedings of this Institution ( February , 1863).
CONTENTS
PART I.
THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF BUDDHISM
SECTION I
INDIAN BUDDHISM
CHAPTER I: SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF SAKYAMUNI, THE FOUNDEROF BUDDHISM
CHAPTER II: GRADUAL RISE AND PRESENT AREA OF THE BUDDHIST RELIGION
CHAPTER III: THE RELIGION SYSTEM OF SAKYAMUNI
CHAPTER IV: THE HINAVANA SYSTEM
CHAPTER V: THE MAHAYANA SYSTEM
CHAPTER VI:THE SYSTEM MYSTICISM
SECTION II
TIBETAN BUDDHISM
CHAPTER VII: HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF BUDDHISM INTO TIBET
CHAPTER VIII: THE SACRED LITERATURE
CHAPTER IX: VIEWS ON METEMPSYCHORIS
CHAPTER X: DETAILS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE RELIGION OF THE PEOPLE
CHAPTER XI: TRANSLATIONS OF AN ADDRESS TO THE BUDDHAS OF CONPRESSION
PART II
PRESENT LAMAIC INSTITUTIONS
CHAPTER XII: THE TIBETAN PRIESTHOOD
CHAPTER XIII: THE RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS
CHAPTER XIV: REPRESENTATION OF BUDDHIST DEITIES
CHATER XV:WORSHIP OF THE DEITIES, AND RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES
CHPATER XVI: THE SYSTEMS OF RECKONING TIME
CHAPTER XVII: DESCRIPION OF VARIOUS TABLES USED FOR ASTROLOGICAL PURPOSES
APPENDIX
A. LITERATURE
B. GLOSSARY OF TIBETAN TERMS
C. ADDITION TO THE ADDRESS TO THE BUDDHAS OF CONFESSION
INDEX