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 JAPANESE BUDDDHISM

By the late

SIR CHARLES ELIOT

P.C., G.C.M.G., GB

Sometime H.M. Ambassador at Tokyo

Japanese Buddhism is complementary to Sir Charles Eliot`s earlier work, Hinduism and Buddhism, which appeared in 1921. It may be asked what influenced him in the selection of this particular field for investigation, why his choice did not instead fall on China, Tibet, Burma, or Siam, older adherents to the faith and closer to its cradle. A partial answer is perhaps to be found in certain advantages which Japan offered for his purpose. For although in all these countries alike a vast wealth of material existed, - canonical writings, exegetical literature, and the like, - the accumulation of centuries of patient and pious toil, not in every one was it equally accessible; and in China, in fact, it was scattered over a very wide area. In Japan, however, not only was this material available in a form both compact and complete; but also, owing to the insular position of the country, to its entire immunity from invasion, and to a practical isolation from the rest of the world extending over more than two hundred years, the practices, ritual, documents, and iconography of Mahayanist Buddhism had been preserved in singular integrity. To quote the author`s own words, the Buddhism of Japan was “the lineal and recognized descendent of the creed held by Nagarjuna, Vasubandhu, and Santideva”. Moreover, its history offered phenomena of peculiar interest to the student of religion in Europe, - the conflict between  Church and State, the growth of protestant sects “casting aside ritual to offer the common man salvation by faith” or preaching national or universal religion, the evolution of an Established Church lapsing finally into comfortable torpor, - to mention only a few examples. We may conjecture that these were all material factors in shaping his choice.

CONTENTS

IN PIAM MEMORIAM. By Sir Harold Parlett

BOOK I. A SURVEY OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA AND CHINA

I.                THE CANONS

II.              THE DOCTRINES

III.             BUDDHISM IN INDIA

IV.            THE PANTHEON

V.               BUDDHISM IN CHINA

BOOK II. HISTORY OF JAPANESE BUDDHISM

VI.           PREFATORY REMARKS

VII.         INTRODUCTION OF BUDDHISM

VIII.        NARA PERIOD: - THE OLDER SECTS

IX.          HEIAN PERIOD: - TENDAL AND SHINGON

X.          RISE OF NEW SECTS : - JODO AND SHINSHU

XI.          RISE OF NEW SECTS: - NICHIREN AND ZEN

XII.         THE DARK AGES

XIII.        TOKUGAWA PERIOD: - CRYSTALLIUZATION OF THE CHURCH

BOOK III.  THE SECTS AND THEIR DOCTRINES

XIV.     TENDAI

XV.      SHINGON

XVI.     AMIDISM

XVII.    ZEN

XVIII.   NICHIREN . by G.B. SANSOM

INDEX

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