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A Record Of Buddhistic Kingdoms

Being an account by the Chinese monk Fâ-Hien

Of his travels in India and Ceylon (A. D. 399-414)

In search of the Buddhist books of discipline

Translated and annotated with a Corean recension of the Chinese text

By JAMES  LEGGE

Dover Publication, Inc, New York

PREFACE

Several times during my long residence in Hong Kong I endeavoured to read through the ‘Narrative of Fâ-hien’; but though interested with the graphic details of much of the work, its columns bristled so constantly – now with his phonetic representations of Sanskrit words, and now with his substitution for them of their meanings in Chinese characters, and I was, moreover, so much occupied with my own special labours on the Confucian classics, that my success was far from satisfactory. When Dr. Eitel’s ‘Handbook for the student of Chinese Buddhism’appeared in 1870, the difficulty occasioned by the Sanskrit words and names was removed, but the offer difficulty remained; and I was not able to look into the book again for several years. Nor had I much inducement to do so in the two copies of it which it had been able to procure, on poor paper, and printed from blocks badly cut at first, and so worn with use as to yield books the reverse of attractive in their appearance to the student.

In the meantime I kept studying the subject of Buddhism from various sources; and in 1878 began to lecture, here in Oxford, on the Travels with my Davis Chinese scholar, who was at the same time Boden Sanskrit scholar. As we went on, I wrote out a translation in English for my own satisfaction of nearly half the narrative. In the beginning of last year I made Fâ-hien again the subject of lecture, wrote out a second translation, independent of the former, and pushed on till I had completed the whole.

Contents

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION. Life of Fâ-Hien, genuineness and integrity of the text of his narrative; number of the adherents of Buddhism

Chapter

I.                    From Ch’ang-Gan to the sandy desert

II.                 On to Shen-Shen and thence to Khoten

III.               Khoten, Processions of images. The king’s new monastery

IV.              Through the Ts’ung or ‘onion’mountains to K’eehch’â; probably skardo, or some city more to the east in Kadak

V.                Great quinquennial assembly of monks, relics of Buddha. Production of the country

VI.              On towards north India. Darada. Image of Maitreya Bodhisattva

VII.           Crossing of the Indus. When Buddhism first crossed that river for the east

VIII.         Woo-Chang, or Udyâna. Monasteries and their ways traces of Buddha

IX.              Soo-Ho-To. Legend of Buddha

X.                Gandhâra. Legends of Buddha

XI.              Takshasilâ. Legends. The four great topes

XII.           Purushapura , or Peshâwur. Prophecy about king Kanishra and his tope. Buddha’s alms-bowl. Death of Hwuy-ying

XIII.         Nagâra. Festival of buddha’s skull-bone. Other relics, and his shadow

XIV.        Death of Hwuy-king in the little snowy mountains Lo-E. Pohnâ. Crossing the indus to the east.

XV.          Bhida. Sympathy of monks with the pilgrims

XVI.        On to Mathurâ, or Mutra. Condition and customs of central . India; of the monks, Vihâras, and monasteries

XVII.     Sankâsya. Buddha’s ascent to and descent from the Trayastrimsas heaven, and other legends

XVIII.   Kanyâkubja, or Canouge. Buddha’s preaching

XIX.        Shâ-Che. Legend of Buddha’s Danta-Kâshtha

XX.          Kosala and Srâvasti. The Jetavana Vihâra and other memorials and legends of Buddha. Sympathy of the monks with the pilgrims

XXI.        The three predecessors of Sâkyamuni in the Buddhaship

XXII.     Kapilavastu. Its desolation. Legends of Buddha’s birth, and other incidents in connexion with it

XXIII.   Râma, and its tope

XXIV.  Where Buddha finally renounced the world, and where he died

XXV.    Vaisâli the tope called ‘weapons laid down’. The council of Vaisâli

XXVI.  Remarkable death of Ânanda

XXVII.           Pâtaliputtra , or Patna, in Magadha. King Asoka’s spirit-bult palace and halls. The buddhist Brahman, Râdhasâmi, Dispensaries and hospitals

XXVIII.         Râjagriha, new and old. Legends and incidents connected with it

XXIX.  Gridhra-kuta hill, and legends. Fâ-hien passes night on it. His reflections

XXX.    The Srataparna cave, or cave of the first council. Legends. Suicide of a Bhikshu

XXXI.  Gayâ. Sâkyamuni’s attaining to the Buddhaship, and other legends

XXXII.           Legend of king Asoka in a former birth, and his Naraka

XXXIII.         Mount Gurupada, where Kasyapa Buddha’s entire skeleton is

XXXIV.        On the way back to Patna, Vârânasi, or Benâres. Sâkyamuni’s first doing after becoming Buddha

XXXV.          Dakshina, and the pigeon monastery

XXXVI.        In Patna, Fâ-hien’s labours in transcription of manuscripts, and Indian studies for three years

XXXVII.     To Champâ and Tâmalipit. Stay and labours there for three years . Takes ship to Singhala, or ceylon

XXXVIII.   At Ceylon. Rise of the kingdom. Feats of Buddha. Topes and monasteries. Statue of Buddha in Jade. Bo tree. Fesival of Buddha’s tooth

XXXIX.        Cremation of an Arhat. Sermon of a devotee

XL.            After two years takes ship for China. Disastrous passage to Java; and thence to China; arrives at Shan-Tung; and goes to Nanking. Conclusion or l’envoi by another writer

Index

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