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PREFACE

         I beg to be excused at the very outset for the delay in publishing my thesis which was completed long ago. The simple season for this is that the publication of the book was beyond the reach of my financial capacity. I have made several desparate attempts at publishing it. But chill penury has always frozen the current of my zeal. In the post-war period commercial motive gets the upperhand of the publishers who always think in terms of good return of their investment. Academic interest is at a discount. The press of the University of Calcutta is overworked. A book undertaken by it for publication may or may not see the light during the life-time of the author. Consequently, I have had to wait for an opportunity.

         After years of patient waiting I have fortunately found in Professor Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya a great friend and patron of learning. He has gladly undertaken the publication of ‘Negation’ out of his largeness of heart. I shall remain ever indebted to him.

        The book under publication does not embody my personal views on the subject under discussion. It reflects the Nyãya-Vaisesika point of view. The problem of negation has been discussed from the logical stand-point. There is wide scope of discussing the problem from philosophical and other points of view also.

          I have not also discussed the bearing of the law of contradiction on the body of Law nor evaluated its importance and utility therein.

          I have not made an improvement upon my thesis since it was adjudicated by the great savants of learning.

       I am also grateful to Professor Chattopadhyaya and to my student Professor Mrinal Kanti Gangopadbyaya for the pains they have taken in seeing the book through the press.

          I shall fail in my duty if I do not acknowledge my indebtedness to my parents. I cannot express in so many words the load of debt to my father. I used to sit at his feet to learn the A B C of Indian Logic and Philosophy. I remember with gratitude his ungrudgingly constant help to me whenever asked. My beloved late mother always protected me during the period of crisis by stretching the wings of her affection like a bird. I cannot but recall the great services rendered to me by late Professor Dr. P. N. Banerjea who kept an eye on me like a father and always encouraged me to complete my work. I shall never be able to repay their debts.

          I express my gratefullness to my teachers who have kindled the spirit of research in me.

          I also owe much to my late uncle Pandit Kumud Chandra Vidyabinoda due to whose constant encouragement this book took its final shape.

         I also remember with a sense of gratitude the encouragement and help which I dereived from my maternal uncles Professor Batuk Nath Bhattacharyya, M.A., and Pandit Srijib Nyayatirtha, M.A.

         I also give my thanks from the core of my heart to the printers and office assistants who have taken pains to publish the work within a very short time.

         I am alone to blame for the mistakes which may creep into this book in spite of the vigilant eyes and eager assistance of my friends.

Janaki Ballabba Bhattacharyya

CONTENTS

Author’s Preface

Introduction I

Part I: HISTORICAL

1. Asat
2. The Concept of Abhảva in the Vaisesika and Nyãya Literature
3. The Concept of Negation in Buddhist Systems
4. Introduction to Ontological Negation
5. Prãbhãkara Theory of Negation and its Allied Theories
6. The Dhattas
7. Negation of the Advaita System
8. The Mãdhva Theory of Negation
9. Negation is Relation

Part II: EPISTEMOLOGICAL

1. Is Negative Conciousness Perceptual?
2. Yogya-anupatabdhi
3. Is Negation Objectively Real?
4. Ideality of Negation
5. The Vaibhasikas
6. Vyadhikaranadharmãvacchinnãbhãva
7. Subjectivity of Negation vs Objectivity of Negation
8. The Conclusion: Negative Experience

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