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PREFACE

            More than twenty years have elapsed since we have first treated the subject of Buddhist logic and epistemology as they were taught in the schools of Mahãyana Buddhism. Our nearly unique source at that time was the Nyãya-bindu and tikã, this solitary Sanscrit remnant of what has been a vast field of literary production. Since that time our knowledge of the subject has been considerably enlarged. Important Sanscrit texts have been discovered and published in India. The inter­connection and mutual influences of Indian systems are better known. The Tibetan literature reveals itself as an almost illimited source of information. Prof. H. Jacobi has contributed a series of articles on the early history of Indian systems. Prof. J. Tucci has recently elucidated the problem of Buddhist logic before Dignãga. Prof, de la Vallée Poussin has brought to a successful end his monumental translation of the Abhidharma-Kosa. Prof. Sylvani Lévi has enriched our know­ledge by important discoveries in Nepal. Prof. M. Walleser has founded in Heidelberg an active society for the study of Mahãyãna. A great deal of work has been done by Indian and Japanese scholars. The Nyaya-bindu is no more a solitary rock in an unknown sea. Buddhist logic reveals itself as the culminating point of a long course of Indian philosophic history. Its birth, its growth and its decline run parallel with the birth, the growth and the decline of Indian civilisation. The time has come to reconsider the subject of Buddhist logic in its histo­rical connections. This is done in these two volumes of which the second appears before the first. It contains translations which aim at being intelligible, a reservation not unnecessary in Indian matters, since we have witnessed translations by authoritative pens which read like an absolutely unintelligible rigmarole. In the copious notes the literary renderings are given where needed. This will enable the reader fully to appreciate the sometimes enormous distance which lies between the words of the Sanscrit phrasing and their philosophic meaning rendered according to our habits of thought The notes contain also a philosophic comment of the translated texts. The reader who would like to have a time d’ensemble of Buddhist philosophy as it is repre­sented in its logical part will have to go through the labyrinth of these notes and texts and make for himself a statement as well as an estimate of that doctrine. This task is facilitated in the first volume which will contain a historical sketch as well as a synthetically recon­struction of the whole edifice of the final shape of Buddhist philosophy, as far as it can be achieved at present. The second volume thus con­tains the material as well as the justification for this reconstruction. The first volume is in the press and we hope that it will appear before long.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

A short treatise of Logic (Nyãya-bindu) by Dharmakĩrti with its commentary (Nyãya-bindu-tĩkã) by Dharmottara translated from the Sanscrit text edited in the Bibliotheka

Buddhica

1. Perception
2. Inference

III. Syllogism

Appendices

1. Vãcaspatimisra on the Buddhist Theory of Per­ception
2. Vacaspatimisra on the Buddhist Theory of a radical distinction between sensation and conception (pramãna-vyavasthã versus pramãna-samplava)

III. The theory of mental sensation (mãnasa-pratyakẹa)

1. Vasubandhu, Vinitadeva, Vacaspatimisra, Udayana,

Dignăga and Jinendrabuddhi on the act and the content of knowledge, on the coordination (sãrũpya) of percepts with their objects and on our knowledge of the external world

1. Vãcaspatimisra on Buddhist Nominalism (apohavãđa)
2. Corrections to the texts of the Nyãyabindu, Nyãya-bindu-tĩkã and Nyãya-bindu-tlkã-Tippani printed in the Bibliotheka Buddhica

Indices

1. Proper names
2. Schools

III. Sanscrit works

1. Sanscrit words and expressions

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